Ms. Keever's Science Classes

There is a $20 lab fee for all science lab classes. Fees can be paid by cash or check (payable to Butler High School). Fees must be paid for supplies to be purchased so students to participate in lab.

Why Do They Call It a Periodic Table?

BEFORE: Silent reading: Read the paragraphs below.

Have you ever wondered why chemists call that big chart in the front of the room that contains all of the elements, the periodic table? For years scientists attempted to find some order to the elements that they knew existed. They looked at various properties and tried out many arrangements.

Objectives: In this activity you will first learn the basics of graphing with Excel. Then you will make six separate graphs of various periodic properties to ascertain the order. In so doing, you will see the trends of the periodic table of the elements. You will print out a question sheet and answer the questions to turn in.

Materials: You will need to open Excel.

DURING: Graphing: Follow the directions to make your graphs.

Procedure:

1. Graph the following data. Step 1. Enter the data to be graphed. Open Excel and enter the data below into the spreadsheet. Use cells in column A for the Atomic Number data and cells in column B for the Oxygen data. Where there is no value, leave the cell blank. Do not use the data in the second half of the data table yet.

Step 2. Highlight the data to be graphed using your mouse. Do not highlight the cells with text in them.

Step 3. Click on the Chart Wizard. This is the button at the top of Excel :   From the Chart Wizard box select COLUMN GRAPHS. Click on Next. Then select the first type shown. Click NEXT. Click on the SERIES tab at the top. Go to the box at the bottom right and highlight SERIES ONE, then click REMOVE.

Step 4. Label your graph. Click NEXT and then put in your title ("Trends in Chemical Properties") and labels ("Atomic Number" and "Oxygen Atoms per Atom of Element").

Step 5. Put the graph on your spreadsheet. Click on the button "As object in". Click on the button Finish. Your graph should now show up on your spreadsheet.

Now enter the second set of data in a different area of the spreadsheet the same way and make another graph. Be sure to give the graph a title (you can use the same title) and label the axes with the titles of the data.

 If you don't understand, call me over.

Step 6. Print your graph.

Enter your name in cell C1. Then highlight the entire area of the spreadsheet that includes your graph by going to the cell to the bottom right of your graph, clicking on it, holding the mouse button, and going to the top left of the spread sheet. The area should turn blue. It might help if you line up the two graphs one over the other before you print them.

Go to File --> Print Area --> Set Print Area and Click. Now click on the print icon. Your data, name, and graph should all print out at once.

Graph 1                                                                         Graph 2

2. Make two more graphs. Name one graph, "Boiling Points vs. Atomic Number" and the other "Melting Points vs. Atomic Number." The x-axes will be the atomic numbers 1-20 as before (see above). The y-axis information is below.

The first graph will have Boiling Points for its set of y data (look at the column headings below to be sure you get the correct data!).

The next graph will use Melting Points. Don't put both on the same graph! You are making two graphs! What will you use for your x-axis data? DO NOT graph element #6. Construct COLUMN GRAPHS for each. Put your name on the graph and print it out.

3. Construct two more graphs. Name one "Ionization Energy vs. Atomic Number." the units for ionization energy are kJ/mol. Be sure to include the units on your graph.

The other should be named "Electronegativity vs. Atomic Number." Electronegativity is a relative number and has no units. As you did before, the x-axis will be Atomic Number and will run from 1 to 20.

Use an XY SCATTER GRAPH to plot these properties. - NOTE - On your second graph (Electronegativity) You may have to click on the SERIES tab and make sure that the X and Y values match the cells you are using on the spread sheet.

If you are having trouble with this, call me over. Put your name on the page and print it out.

AFTER: Answer the questions on the handout below.

4. Click here, print, and answer the questions in your own words. Turn all of your graphs and this page in.

You are done. Please stay in your seat until class is dismissed.

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